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Travelogue Alaska  
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Aug 31 2011 (09:06)
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Entry# 703     
Rang De Basanti^
Travelogue Alaska

Aug 31 2011 (09:01)
News Entry# 36292  North to Alaska : A Journey Into History  
Posted by: Rang De Basanti^   Added by: Rang De Basanti^  Aug 31 2011 (09:06)
Gold! Gold! Gold! Gold!" headlined the Seattle Post-Intelligencer on July of 1897. "Sixty Eight Rich Men on Steamer Portland" arrived in Seattle with "Stacks of Yellow Metal." The news spread like California wildfire, and the Klondike Gold Rush began. In the first ten days over 1,500 people left for the Klondike. Within the next six months, approximately 100,000 gold-seekers steamed up Alaska's Inside Passage and arrived in Dyea and Skagway, the base for two treacherous overland treks to the Klondike gold fields. Only 30,000 completed the trip; 4,000 or so found gold, and only a few hundred struck it rich.The ones who did make a fortune were the merchants and profiteers who took advantage of the inexperienced miners, who they referred to as 'stampeders.' Long before the days of mass media, most of the 'get-rich-quick' miners knew virtually nothing about where they were going and the hardships that lay ahead of...
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them. Pamphlets and newspapers contained little or no real information, but made outrageous claims of wealth, with riverbeds of gold just sitting there for the taking. Seattle served as water route and the gateway to the Yukon. Advertised as the 'outfitter of the gold fields,' merchants sold supplies, stocked ten feet high on storefront boardwalks.Driven by dreams of unfathomable riches, the first stampeders arrived in Skagway and found themselves confronted by an inhospitable muddy settlement that was barely a collection of tents. They were also met by a swarm of con men, whose only interest was taking their money. The most infamous of the swindlers was 'Soapy' Smith and his gang of "bunco men." One of their schemes was operating a telegraph office, where a message could be sent anywhere in the world for a mere $5. What the stampeders didn't know was that there were no telegraph wires to or from Skagway.Four-hundred and 50 tons of explosives were blasted though the solid granite mountainside along the White Pass.
"Give me enough dynamite and snoose and I'll build a railroad to Hell."
- Michael J. Henry
The stampeders also faced a choice of two horrendous trails which had to be climbed before the freeze-up, then another 550 mile journey through the lake systems to the Yukon River's gold fields. The North West Mounted Police had created the "One Ton Law of 1898," requiring all miners entering Canada to carry a year's supply of food and equipment, equaling around 2,000 pounds. The 45-mile long White Pass Trail was promoted as a horse-packing trail and appeared easier than the Chilkoot Pass, where the miners had to carry supplies on their backs. The trail turned out to be even more difficult because of muddy bogs, massive boulders and steep rocky cliffs. Over 3,000 horses died along the way, and it was quickly dubbed the "Dead Horse Trail." It was obvious that there was need for a better form of transportation up the White Pass Trail.
In 1897, three separate companies organized to build a railway from Skagway to Fort Selkirk, Yukon, 325 miles away. The project ran into some roadblocks due to corrupt local city officials and Soapy Smith. This ended when Smith was killed in a gunfight, and the White Pass & Yukon Route railway --- "the railway built of gold"--- began construction. Considered almost an impossible task, tens of thousands of men were challenged by a godless climate and brutal geography. Four-hundred and 50 tons of explosives were blasted though the solid granite mountainside. An innovative 3-foot gauge was used to save money, allowing for a tighter radius on curves and following the natural landscape.
Twenty-six months later, construction reached the 2,885-foot summit of White Pass, 20 miles away from Skagway. On July 6, 1899, the last spike was driven in Bennett, British Columbia. But the timing was bad. By then much of the gold rush fever had died down.The WP&YR continued, however, as an economic lifeline to the Yukon, but eventually shut-down in 1982 due to low mineral prices. But things would soon dramatically change. There was another kind of gold rush just around the bend.
WELCOME ABOARD
Tourism exploded in Alaska in the mid-eighties with the arrival of the cruise ship industry. The most popular voyage was through the Inside Passage along the shores of British Columbia and Southeastern Alaska. Tourists were stunned to find this pristine world of mammoth Ice Age glaciers, breathtaking mountain ranges, Native American culture, razor-cut fjords, historic Russian settlements, and spectacular wildlife. The Inside Passage quickly became the most popular domestic cruise destination in the U.S., and participants did it again and again. But soon they wanted more.
The WhitePass & Yukon Route railroad departs right from the cruise ship docks in Skagway.
With numerous cruise ships stopping at Skagway, a re-creation journey on the White Pass & Yukon Route sounded like a perfect fit. The rails were laid right down to the docks, ideally positioned to sell a railroad ride through the mountains to the tourists. Billed as the "Scenic Railway of the World," the White Pass & Yukon Route reopened between Skagway and White Pass in 1988. As a heritage railway, tourist could now step back in time and experience the Klondike Gold Rush. Still using vintage parlor cars---three with wheelchair lifts--the WP&YR runs on its original narrow-gauge track, rising from sea level at Skagway to 2,885' at the White Pass summit in only 21 miles. Forget Disneyland. This is the real deal. With steep grades up to 3.9% and cliff-hanging turns of 16 degrees, the railroad seemingly hangs on the mountainside for most of the way to the summit. A series of wooden trestles skirt the landscape. A spectacular steel cantilever arches 215 feet above Dead Horse Gulch, once the highest railroad bridge in the world.
It's a breathtaking piece of country with a stunning panorama of mountains, gorges, waterfalls, tunnels and historic sites. Period clad railroad men offer a folksy narration. A wood-burning stove keeps everyone warm.
Today the White Pass & Yukon Route is Alaska's most popular shore excursion, and is an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, a designation shared with the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty and Panama Canal.
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